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Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a natural gas that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It is produced by human respiration and burning of gasoline, coal, oil, and wood. The average level of CO2 in the outdoor air is around 400 ppm, or higher in areas with traffic or industrial activities. If the body is exposed to a high amount of CO2, it can lead to high blood pressure, fast heart rate, dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is produced from incomplete combustion of fuels containing carbon. This gas can accumulate in the body and has a strong affinity for hemoglobin in red blood cells, binding to it approximately 200-250 times more readily than oxygen. Inhalation of this gas can lead to the formation of carboxyhemoglobin (CoHb), which reduces the delivery of oxygen to cells throughout the body. As a result, individuals may experience weakness, fatigue, and increased workload on the heart.
The criteria for assessing the health risk of individuals exposed to hazardous indoor air pollutants are:
– Carbon Dioxide (CO2) < 700 ppm from the outside level
– Carbon Monoxide (CO) < 9 ppm.
Formaldehyde is an organic compound and a member of the aldehyde group. It normally exists as a flammable, colorless gas with a pungent odor. When formaldehyde gas mixes with air and oxygen, it can cause an explosion. It has properties that can kill bacteria and is commonly used in the form of formalin solution to disinfect raw materials used in the production of furniture, such as wood. Exposure to formaldehyde levels higher than 0.1 ppm can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract, while exposure to concentrations higher than 100 ppm can lead to loss of consciousness and eventually death.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a group of organic compounds that readily evaporate into the air at normal temperatures and pressures. The main constituents of VOCs are carbon and hydrogen, and other components are oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, sulfur, and nitrogen. VOCs are considered air pollutants (Toxic Air) and are found in many everyday products, such as house paints, cigarette smoke, cleaning agents, printing inks, automotive spray paints, industrial factories, dry cleaning fluids, hair dye and styling products, pesticides, and may also contaminate the air, water, food, and beverages we consume. Exposure to VOCs can cause various neurological symptoms, such as dizziness, fatigue, headaches, depression, or loss of consciousness.
Indoor Air Quality Measuring Instrument
The Indoor Air Quality Meter is a tool used to measure the quality of indoor air in buildings. It is capable of measuring various parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 gas, CO, and VOCs simultaneously with high accuracy. The meter allows the user to select and change the appropriate probe for each parameter being measured
PM2.5Â Particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM2.5) is a type of air pollutant that has a diameter of 2.5 microns or less. It is generated from various sources, such as vehicle exhaust, burning of agricultural materials, forest fires, and industrial processes. PM2.5 can enter the lungs and cause respiratory and pulmonary diseases. Prolonged exposure or exposure to high levels can lead to the accumulation of particulate matter in lung tissue, resulting in decreased lung function, inflammation of the airways, and asthma symptoms.
PM10 Particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM10) is a type of air pollutant that has a diameter of 10 microns or less. It is generated from various sources, such as burning of fossil fuels, open burning, industrial processes, crushing, grinding, or construction activities. PM10 can impact human health as it can accumulate in the respiratory system when inhaled, leading to respiratory and pulmonary diseases.
Particulate Matter Measuring InstrumentÂ
The Aerosol Monitor is a real-time dust monitoring device used to measure particulate matter and report the levels of particulate matter, including particle sizes of PM1.0, PM4, PM2.5, and PM10.
Recommended Levels of Fine Particulate Matter Indoor
– PM10 (Particulate Matter with diameter less than 10 micrometers) < 50 Âĩg/m3
– PM2.5 (Particulate Matter with diameter less than 2.5 micrometers) < 35 Âĩg/m3
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The objective of the air quality test is to perform Cleanroom Performance Testing (CPT) in cleanrooms, negative pressure rooms, and airborne infection isolation rooms, to ensure that the air conditioning systems within these rooms are working efficiently and in accordance with the specified standards. Prior to the CPT, all systems within the room must be completed through the Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing (TAB) process. The following is a list of testing and measuring procedures that will be performed
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